{"id":4633,"date":"2026-07-18T11:21:09","date_gmt":"2026-07-18T03:21:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nickelcasting.com\/invar-36-vs-invar-42-application-differences\/"},"modified":"2026-07-18T11:21:11","modified_gmt":"2026-07-18T03:21:11","slug":"invar-36-vs-invar-42-application-differences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nickelcasting.com\/ar\/invar-36-vs-invar-42-application-differences\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u00bb \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 42\u00bb: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u00bb \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627<\/th>\n\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 42\u00bb \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627.<\/td>\n\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/td>\n\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/td>\n\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/td>\n\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u201c\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 42\u201d \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 -40 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064880 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 180 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 700 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u00bb \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 36% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 36\" \u0623\u0648 \"FeNi36\" \u0623\u0648 \"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 36 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\"\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 UNS \u0645\u062b\u0644 K93601 \u0623\u0648 K93603 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631\u00bb (Invar) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 42\u00bb (Invar 42) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 42% \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 42\u00bb (Alloy 42) \u0623\u0648 \u00abFeNi42\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 42 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0646\u064a\u0644\u0648 42\u00bb (Nilo 42) \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a UNS K94100 \u0623\u0648 K94101 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36<\/th>\n\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 42<\/th>\n\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 36%<\/td>\n\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 42%<\/td>\n\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 36%.<\/td>\n\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0623\u0648 UNS \u0623\u0648 EN \u0623\u0648 DIN \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 36% \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631\u00bb. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 42%\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u00bb\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0640 Invar 42\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u00ab42\u00bb\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 42\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u00bb\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 42\u00bb \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n

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\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1 \u06482 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\/\u0645\u00b7\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/td>\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u00bb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647.<\/td>\n\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/td>\n\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/td>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647.<\/td>\n\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u00bb \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (CTE) \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 1.3 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\/\u0645\u00b7\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 93 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 42% \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 6 \u06487 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\/\u0645\u00b7\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 400 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u00bb \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u00bb (Invar 36) \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (CTE) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631\u00bb (Invar) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 42\u00bb \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u00bb \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u0647\u061f<\/li>\n
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  • \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a: \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

    Invar 42 is commonly associated with semiconductor and electronic packaging where dimensional control, thermal-expansion compatibility, stampability, plating response, and hermetic performance must be balanced. Strip may be stamped or etched into lead frames, bases, lids, masks, carriers, or internal package components. The alloy’s moderate expansion can reduce stress relative to ordinary steels when joined to selected ceramics, glasses, or semiconductor structures.<\/p>\n

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    \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h2>\n

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    \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/th>\n\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
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    \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/td>\n\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0637\u062e.<\/td>\n\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 42\u00bb \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0644\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0644\u00bb. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647<\/h2>\n

    \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a ASTM B753\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 ASTM F\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 Invar 36 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM F1684 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 UNS \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 42 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM F29 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/th>\n\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645 UNS\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639<\/td>\n\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f 36% \u064842% \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0631\u00bb \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/td>\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n

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    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n

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    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/h3>\n

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    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641<\/h3>\n

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    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/th>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647<\/th>\n\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639<\/td>\n\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0642\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629.<\/td>\n\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    PMI \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/td>\n\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/td>\n\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u064a.<\/td>\n\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629.<\/td>\n\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 42\u00bb<\/h2>\n

    \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n

    \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n

    For international projects, quotation validity should reflect nickel price movement and production scheduling. Delivery wording should distinguish ex-works completion, port departure, and arrival at the buyer’s site.<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633<\/h2>\n
      \n
    1. \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/li>\n
    2. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n
    3. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n
    4. \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n
    5. \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/li>\n
    6. \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/li>\n
    7. \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628.<\/li>\n
    8. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0640 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 42\u00bb<\/h2>\n
        \n
      • \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36 \/ \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 36 \/ FeNi36 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 42 \/ \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 42 \/ FeNi42<\/li>\n
      • \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 UNS \u0623\u0648 EN \u0623\u0648 DIN \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 ASTM \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n
      • \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c: \u0644\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/li>\n
      • \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n
      • \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n
      • \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0634\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0642\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0649\u060c \u0645\u064f\u062b\u0628\u064e\u0651\u062a\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n
      • \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645: \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642<\/li>\n
      • \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n
      • \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0629<\/li>\n
      • \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/li>\n
      • \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 PMI\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645<\/li>\n
      • \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/li>\n
      • \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n

        \u0647\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 42 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u061f<\/h3>\n

        \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u00bb \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 42\u00bb \u0641\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644\u061f<\/h3>\n

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        \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 36\u061f<\/h3>\n

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        28 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Nickel \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 28Nickel<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Engineering and procurement comparison of Invar 36 and Invar 42, covering thermal expansion behavior, dimensional-stability applications, glass and ceramic sealing, standards, fabrication, inspection, traceability, and a practical RFQ checklist.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4634,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[230,231,232,233,228,229],"class_list":["post-4633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-alloy-36","tag-alloy-42","tag-controlled-expansion-alloys","tag-glass-to-metal-sealing","tag-invar-36","tag-invar-42"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nickelcasting.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nickelcasting.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nickelcasting.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nickelcasting.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nickelcasting.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4633"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nickelcasting.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4635,"href":"https:\/\/www.nickelcasting.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4633\/revisions\/4635"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nickelcasting.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nickelcasting.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nickelcasting.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nickelcasting.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4633"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}